Band 7.5 IELTS Writing Task 1 Model Answer

Overall Band Score: 7.5 · Cambridge IELTS 21 · 2026-08-15

IELTS Writing Task 1 question

The diagram below shows how one type of desert, known as a rain-shadow desert, is formed.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

The formation of rain-shadow deserts

Student answer (Band 7.5)

The diagram illustrates the process by which a rain-shadow desert is formed, showing how moist air from the sea is transformed into dry air as it passes over a mountain range.

Overall, the process consists of seven main stages, beginning with winds carrying moist air from the sea towards the coast and ending with dry winds reaching the inland area on the leeward side of the mountains. Rainfall occurs predominantly on the windward side, while the opposite side receives very little precipitation and consequently develops into a desert.

Initially, winds approach the coast from the sea and are forced upwards as they encounter the mountain range. As the moist air rises along the windward slope, it cools, resulting in the formation of clouds. Once sufficient condensation has occurred, rain falls on this side of the mountain. Therefore, the windward slope receives considerably more precipitation.

After releasing much of its moisture, the air continues across the mountain towards the leeward side. During this descent, the air becomes increasingly dry and continues to move over the mountain. Finally, the dry winds reach the inland region on the leeward side. Because this area receives little or no rainfall, a rain-shadow desert is formed there. The entire process extends across thousands of kilometres from the coastal area to the inland desert.

AI examiner evaluation

Task Achievement / Task Response — Band 7.5

The response effectively covers all stages of the process, from the initial moisture-laden winds to the formation of the rain-shadow desert. You have clearly identified the main features, such as the contrast between the windward and leeward sides of the mountain. The overview provides a concise summary of the entire process, which is a key requirement for Task 1. The information is logically sequenced and accurately reflects the provided diagram. No significant information is omitted, and the comparison between the two sides of the mountain is well-integrated into the description of the process.

Coherence and Cohesion — Band 7.5

The essay is well-structured with a clear introduction, a summary overview, and distinct body paragraphs that follow the chronological flow of the process. Cohesive devices such as 'Initially', 'Once', 'After', and 'Consequently' are used effectively to guide the reader through the stages. Paragraphing is logical, with each section focusing on a specific aspect of the formation process. The progression of ideas is smooth, and referencing between the windward and leeward sides is handled clearly, ensuring the reader can easily follow the geographical transformation described.

Lexical Resource — Band 7.0

You demonstrate a good range of vocabulary appropriate for describing a scientific process. Terms such as 'condensation', 'precipitation', 'leeward', and 'windward' are used accurately and in the correct context. The language is precise and natural, contributing to a professional tone. While the vocabulary is sufficient and accurate, incorporating a few more sophisticated collocations or varied synonyms for 'formed' or 'moves' could elevate the response further. Overall, the lexical control is strong and supports clear communication throughout the text.

Grammatical Range and Accuracy — Band 8.0

The writing displays a high level of grammatical accuracy with a variety of complex sentence structures. You effectively use subordinate clauses, such as 'As the moist air rises along the windward slope, it cools', to explain cause-and-effect relationships. Punctuation is used correctly to manage sentence flow. There are virtually no grammatical errors, and the control over tense and subject-verb agreement is consistent. The sentence variety is good, alternating between simple and complex structures to maintain reader engagement while remaining clear and concise.

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